PortAudio  2.0
Data Structures | Macros | Typedefs | Enumerations | Functions

The portable PortAudio API. More...

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Data Structures

struct  PaVersionInfo
 
struct  PaHostApiInfo
 
struct  PaHostErrorInfo
 
struct  PaDeviceInfo
 
struct  PaStreamParameters
 
struct  PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo
 
struct  PaStreamInfo
 

Macros

#define paMakeVersionNumber(major, minor, subminor)   (((major)&0xFF)<<16 | ((minor)&0xFF)<<8 | ((subminor)&0xFF))
 
#define paNoDevice   ((PaDeviceIndex)-1)
 
#define paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification   ((PaDeviceIndex)-2)
 
#define paFloat32   ((PaSampleFormat) 0x00000001)
 
#define paInt32   ((PaSampleFormat) 0x00000002)
 
#define paInt24   ((PaSampleFormat) 0x00000004)
 
#define paInt16   ((PaSampleFormat) 0x00000008)
 
#define paInt8   ((PaSampleFormat) 0x00000010)
 
#define paUInt8   ((PaSampleFormat) 0x00000020)
 
#define paCustomFormat   ((PaSampleFormat) 0x00010000)
 
#define paNonInterleaved   ((PaSampleFormat) 0x80000000)
 
#define paFormatIsSupported   (0)
 
#define paFramesPerBufferUnspecified   (0)
 
#define paNoFlag   ((PaStreamFlags) 0)
 
#define paClipOff   ((PaStreamFlags) 0x00000001)
 
#define paDitherOff   ((PaStreamFlags) 0x00000002)
 
#define paNeverDropInput   ((PaStreamFlags) 0x00000004)
 
#define paPrimeOutputBuffersUsingStreamCallback   ((PaStreamFlags) 0x00000008)
 
#define paPlatformSpecificFlags   ((PaStreamFlags)0xFFFF0000)
 
#define paInputUnderflow   ((PaStreamCallbackFlags) 0x00000001)
 
#define paInputOverflow   ((PaStreamCallbackFlags) 0x00000002)
 
#define paOutputUnderflow   ((PaStreamCallbackFlags) 0x00000004)
 
#define paOutputOverflow   ((PaStreamCallbackFlags) 0x00000008)
 
#define paPrimingOutput   ((PaStreamCallbackFlags) 0x00000010)
 

Typedefs

typedef struct PaVersionInfo PaVersionInfo
 
typedef int PaError
 
typedef enum PaErrorCode PaErrorCode
 
typedef int PaDeviceIndex
 
typedef int PaHostApiIndex
 
typedef enum PaHostApiTypeId PaHostApiTypeId
 
typedef struct PaHostApiInfo PaHostApiInfo
 
typedef struct PaHostErrorInfo PaHostErrorInfo
 
typedef double PaTime
 
typedef unsigned long PaSampleFormat
 
typedef struct PaDeviceInfo PaDeviceInfo
 
typedef struct PaStreamParameters PaStreamParameters
 
typedef void PaStream
 
typedef unsigned long PaStreamFlags
 
typedef struct
PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo 
PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo
 
typedef unsigned long PaStreamCallbackFlags
 
typedef enum PaStreamCallbackResult PaStreamCallbackResult
 
typedef int PaStreamCallback (const void *input, void *output, unsigned long frameCount, const PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo *timeInfo, PaStreamCallbackFlags statusFlags, void *userData)
 
typedef void PaStreamFinishedCallback (void *userData)
 
typedef struct PaStreamInfo PaStreamInfo
 

Enumerations

enum  PaErrorCode {
  paNoError = 0, paNotInitialized = -10000, paUnanticipatedHostError, paInvalidChannelCount,
  paInvalidSampleRate, paInvalidDevice, paInvalidFlag, paSampleFormatNotSupported,
  paBadIODeviceCombination, paInsufficientMemory, paBufferTooBig, paBufferTooSmall,
  paNullCallback, paBadStreamPtr, paTimedOut, paInternalError,
  paDeviceUnavailable, paIncompatibleHostApiSpecificStreamInfo, paStreamIsStopped, paStreamIsNotStopped,
  paInputOverflowed, paOutputUnderflowed, paHostApiNotFound, paInvalidHostApi,
  paCanNotReadFromACallbackStream, paCanNotWriteToACallbackStream, paCanNotReadFromAnOutputOnlyStream, paCanNotWriteToAnInputOnlyStream,
  paIncompatibleStreamHostApi, paBadBufferPtr
}
 
enum  PaHostApiTypeId {
  paInDevelopment =0, paDirectSound =1, paMME =2, paASIO =3,
  paSoundManager =4, paCoreAudio =5, paOSS =7, paALSA =8,
  paAL =9, paBeOS =10, paWDMKS =11, paJACK =12,
  paWASAPI =13, paAudioScienceHPI =14
}
 
enum  PaStreamCallbackResult { paContinue =0, paComplete =1, paAbort =2 }
 

Functions

int Pa_GetVersion (void)
 
const char * Pa_GetVersionText (void)
 
const PaVersionInfoPa_GetVersionInfo (void)
 
const char * Pa_GetErrorText (PaError errorCode)
 
PaError Pa_Initialize (void)
 
PaError Pa_Terminate (void)
 
PaHostApiIndex Pa_GetHostApiCount (void)
 
PaHostApiIndex Pa_GetDefaultHostApi (void)
 
const PaHostApiInfoPa_GetHostApiInfo (PaHostApiIndex hostApi)
 
PaHostApiIndex Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex (PaHostApiTypeId type)
 
PaDeviceIndex Pa_HostApiDeviceIndexToDeviceIndex (PaHostApiIndex hostApi, int hostApiDeviceIndex)
 
const PaHostErrorInfoPa_GetLastHostErrorInfo (void)
 
PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDeviceCount (void)
 
PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice (void)
 
PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice (void)
 
const PaDeviceInfoPa_GetDeviceInfo (PaDeviceIndex device)
 
PaError Pa_IsFormatSupported (const PaStreamParameters *inputParameters, const PaStreamParameters *outputParameters, double sampleRate)
 
PaError Pa_OpenStream (PaStream **stream, const PaStreamParameters *inputParameters, const PaStreamParameters *outputParameters, double sampleRate, unsigned long framesPerBuffer, PaStreamFlags streamFlags, PaStreamCallback *streamCallback, void *userData)
 
PaError Pa_OpenDefaultStream (PaStream **stream, int numInputChannels, int numOutputChannels, PaSampleFormat sampleFormat, double sampleRate, unsigned long framesPerBuffer, PaStreamCallback *streamCallback, void *userData)
 
PaError Pa_CloseStream (PaStream *stream)
 
PaError Pa_SetStreamFinishedCallback (PaStream *stream, PaStreamFinishedCallback *streamFinishedCallback)
 
PaError Pa_StartStream (PaStream *stream)
 
PaError Pa_StopStream (PaStream *stream)
 
PaError Pa_AbortStream (PaStream *stream)
 
PaError Pa_IsStreamStopped (PaStream *stream)
 
PaError Pa_IsStreamActive (PaStream *stream)
 
const PaStreamInfoPa_GetStreamInfo (PaStream *stream)
 
PaTime Pa_GetStreamTime (PaStream *stream)
 
double Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad (PaStream *stream)
 
PaError Pa_ReadStream (PaStream *stream, void *buffer, unsigned long frames)
 
PaError Pa_WriteStream (PaStream *stream, const void *buffer, unsigned long frames)
 
signed long Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable (PaStream *stream)
 
signed long Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable (PaStream *stream)
 
PaError Pa_GetSampleSize (PaSampleFormat format)
 
void Pa_Sleep (long msec)
 

Detailed Description

The portable PortAudio API.

Macro Definition Documentation

#define paClipOff   ((PaStreamFlags) 0x00000001)
#define paCustomFormat   ((PaSampleFormat) 0x00010000)
#define paDitherOff   ((PaStreamFlags) 0x00000002)

Disable default dithering.

See Also
PaStreamFlags

Referenced by main(), PaUtil_InitializeBufferProcessor(), and TestOnce().

#define paFloat32   ((PaSampleFormat) 0x00000001)
#define paFormatIsSupported   (0)

Return code for Pa_IsFormatSupported indicating success.

Referenced by main(), Pa_IsFormatSupported(), and PaQa_CheckForLoopBack().

#define paFramesPerBufferUnspecified   (0)

Can be passed as the framesPerBuffer parameter to Pa_OpenStream() or Pa_OpenDefaultStream() to indicate that the stream callback will accept buffers of any size.

Referenced by Sine::open(), paqaCheckLatency(), and PaUtil_InitializeBufferProcessor().

#define paInputOverflow   ((PaStreamCallbackFlags) 0x00000002)

In a stream opened with paFramesPerBufferUnspecified, indicates that data prior to the first sample of the input buffer was discarded due to an overflow, possibly because the stream callback is using too much CPU time. Otherwise indicates that data prior to one or more samples in the input buffer was discarded.

See Also
PaStreamCallbackFlags

Referenced by BlioCallback(), ProcessingThread(), ProcessingThreadProc(), ReadStream(), and xrunCallback().

#define paInputUnderflow   ((PaStreamCallbackFlags) 0x00000001)

In a stream opened with paFramesPerBufferUnspecified, indicates that input data is all silence (zeros) because no real data is available. In a stream opened without paFramesPerBufferUnspecified, it indicates that one or more zero samples have been inserted into the input buffer to compensate for an input underflow.

See Also
PaStreamCallbackFlags
#define paInt16   ((PaSampleFormat) 0x00000008)
#define paInt24   ((PaSampleFormat) 0x00000004)
#define paInt32   ((PaSampleFormat) 0x00000002)
#define paInt8   ((PaSampleFormat) 0x00000010)
#define paMakeVersionNumber (   major,
  minor,
  subminor 
)    (((major)&0xFF)<<16 | ((minor)&0xFF)<<8 | ((subminor)&0xFF))

Generate a packed integer version number in the same format used by Pa_GetVersion(). Use this to compare a specified version number with the currently running version. For example:

if( Pa_GetVersion() < paMakeVersionNumber(19,5,1) ) {}
See Also
Pa_GetVersion, Pa_GetVersionInfo
Version
Available as of 19.5.0.
#define paNeverDropInput   ((PaStreamFlags) 0x00000004)

Flag requests that where possible a full duplex stream will not discard overflowed input samples without calling the stream callback. This flag is only valid for full duplex callback streams and only when used in combination with the paFramesPerBufferUnspecified (0) framesPerBuffer parameter. Using this flag incorrectly results in a paInvalidFlag error being returned from Pa_OpenStream and Pa_OpenDefaultStream.

See Also
PaStreamFlags, paFramesPerBufferUnspecified

Referenced by PaUtil_InitializeBufferProcessor().

#define paNoDevice   ((PaDeviceIndex)-1)
#define paNoFlag   ((PaStreamFlags) 0)
#define paNonInterleaved   ((PaSampleFormat) 0x80000000)
#define paOutputOverflow   ((PaStreamCallbackFlags) 0x00000008)

Indicates that output data will be discarded because no room is available.

See Also
PaStreamCallbackFlags
#define paOutputUnderflow   ((PaStreamCallbackFlags) 0x00000004)

Indicates that output data (or a gap) was inserted, possibly because the stream callback is using too much CPU time.

See Also
PaStreamCallbackFlags

Referenced by BlioCallback(), ProcessingThread(), ProcessingThreadProc(), WriteStream(), and xrunCallback().

#define paPlatformSpecificFlags   ((PaStreamFlags)0xFFFF0000)

A mask specifying the platform specific bits.

See Also
PaStreamFlags
#define paPrimeOutputBuffersUsingStreamCallback   ((PaStreamFlags) 0x00000008)

Call the stream callback to fill initial output buffers, rather than the default behavior of priming the buffers with zeros (silence). This flag has no effect for input-only and blocking read/write streams.

See Also
PaStreamFlags
#define paPrimingOutput   ((PaStreamCallbackFlags) 0x00000010)

Some of all of the output data will be used to prime the stream, input data may be zero.

See Also
PaStreamCallbackFlags
#define paUInt8   ((PaSampleFormat) 0x00000020)
#define paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification   ((PaDeviceIndex)-2)

A special PaDeviceIndex value indicating that the device(s) to be used are specified in the host api specific stream info structure.

See Also
PaDeviceIndex

Typedef Documentation

typedef int PaDeviceIndex

The type used to refer to audio devices. Values of this type usually range from 0 to (Pa_GetDeviceCount()-1), and may also take on the PaNoDevice and paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification values.

See Also
Pa_GetDeviceCount, paNoDevice, paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification
typedef struct PaDeviceInfo PaDeviceInfo

A structure providing information and capabilities of PortAudio devices. Devices may support input, output or both input and output.

typedef int PaError

Error codes returned by PortAudio functions. Note that with the exception of paNoError, all PaErrorCodes are negative.

typedef enum PaErrorCode PaErrorCode
typedef int PaHostApiIndex

The type used to enumerate to host APIs at runtime. Values of this type range from 0 to (Pa_GetHostApiCount()-1).

See Also
Pa_GetHostApiCount
typedef struct PaHostApiInfo PaHostApiInfo

A structure containing information about a particular host API.

Unchanging unique identifiers for each supported host API. This type is used in the PaHostApiInfo structure. The values are guaranteed to be unique and to never change, thus allowing code to be written that conditionally uses host API specific extensions.

New type ids will be allocated when support for a host API reaches "public alpha" status, prior to that developers should use the paInDevelopment type id.

See Also
PaHostApiInfo

Structure used to return information about a host error condition.

typedef unsigned long PaSampleFormat

A type used to specify one or more sample formats. Each value indicates a possible format for sound data passed to and from the stream callback, Pa_ReadStream and Pa_WriteStream.

The standard formats paFloat32, paInt16, paInt32, paInt24, paInt8 and aUInt8 are usually implemented by all implementations.

The floating point representation (paFloat32) uses +1.0 and -1.0 as the maximum and minimum respectively.

paUInt8 is an unsigned 8 bit format where 128 is considered "ground"

The paNonInterleaved flag indicates that audio data is passed as an array of pointers to separate buffers, one buffer for each channel. Usually, when this flag is not used, audio data is passed as a single buffer with all channels interleaved.

See Also
Pa_OpenStream, Pa_OpenDefaultStream, PaDeviceInfo
paFloat32, paInt16, paInt32, paInt24, paInt8
paUInt8, paCustomFormat, paNonInterleaved
typedef void PaStream

A single PaStream can provide multiple channels of real-time streaming audio input and output to a client application. A stream provides access to audio hardware represented by one or more PaDevices. Depending on the underlying Host API, it may be possible to open multiple streams using the same device, however this behavior is implementation defined. Portable applications should assume that a PaDevice may be simultaneously used by at most one PaStream.

Pointers to PaStream objects are passed between PortAudio functions that operate on streams.

See Also
Pa_OpenStream, Pa_OpenDefaultStream, Pa_OpenDefaultStream, Pa_CloseStream, Pa_StartStream, Pa_StopStream, Pa_AbortStream, Pa_IsStreamActive, Pa_GetStreamTime, Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad
typedef int PaStreamCallback(const void *input, void *output, unsigned long frameCount, const PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo *timeInfo, PaStreamCallbackFlags statusFlags, void *userData)

Functions of type PaStreamCallback are implemented by PortAudio clients. They consume, process or generate audio in response to requests from an active PortAudio stream.

When a stream is running, PortAudio calls the stream callback periodically. The callback function is responsible for processing buffers of audio samples passed via the input and output parameters.

The PortAudio stream callback runs at very high or real-time priority. It is required to consistently meet its time deadlines. Do not allocate memory, access the file system, call library functions or call other functions from the stream callback that may block or take an unpredictable amount of time to complete.

In order for a stream to maintain glitch-free operation the callback must consume and return audio data faster than it is recorded and/or played. PortAudio anticipates that each callback invocation may execute for a duration approaching the duration of frameCount audio frames at the stream sample rate. It is reasonable to expect to be able to utilise 70% or more of the available CPU time in the PortAudio callback. However, due to buffer size adaption and other factors, not all host APIs are able to guarantee audio stability under heavy CPU load with arbitrary fixed callback buffer sizes. When high callback CPU utilisation is required the most robust behavior can be achieved by using paFramesPerBufferUnspecified as the Pa_OpenStream() framesPerBuffer parameter.

Parameters
inputand
outputare either arrays of interleaved samples or; if non-interleaved samples were requested using the paNonInterleaved sample format flag, an array of buffer pointers, one non-interleaved buffer for each channel.

The format, packing and number of channels used by the buffers are determined by parameters to Pa_OpenStream().

Parameters
frameCountThe number of sample frames to be processed by the stream callback.
timeInfoTimestamps indicating the ADC capture time of the first sample in the input buffer, the DAC output time of the first sample in the output buffer and the time the callback was invoked. See PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo and Pa_GetStreamTime()
statusFlagsFlags indicating whether input and/or output buffers have been inserted or will be dropped to overcome underflow or overflow conditions.
userDataThe value of a user supplied pointer passed to Pa_OpenStream() intended for storing synthesis data etc.
Returns
The stream callback should return one of the values in the PaStreamCallbackResult enumeration. To ensure that the callback continues to be called, it should return paContinue (0). Either paComplete or paAbort can be returned to finish stream processing, after either of these values is returned the callback will not be called again. If paAbort is returned the stream will finish as soon as possible. If paComplete is returned, the stream will continue until all buffers generated by the callback have been played. This may be useful in applications such as soundfile players where a specific duration of output is required. However, it is not necessary to utilize this mechanism as Pa_StopStream(), Pa_AbortStream() or Pa_CloseStream() can also be used to stop the stream. The callback must always fill the entire output buffer irrespective of its return value.
See Also
Pa_OpenStream, Pa_OpenDefaultStream
Note
With the exception of Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad() it is not permissible to call PortAudio API functions from within the stream callback.
typedef unsigned long PaStreamCallbackFlags

Flag bit constants for the statusFlags to PaStreamCallback.

See Also
paInputUnderflow, paInputOverflow, paOutputUnderflow, paOutputOverflow, paPrimingOutput

Allowable return values for the PaStreamCallback.

See Also
PaStreamCallback

Timing information for the buffers passed to the stream callback.

Time values are expressed in seconds and are synchronised with the time base used by Pa_GetStreamTime() for the associated stream.

See Also
PaStreamCallback, Pa_GetStreamTime
typedef void PaStreamFinishedCallback(void *userData)

Functions of type PaStreamFinishedCallback are implemented by PortAudio clients. They can be registered with a stream using the Pa_SetStreamFinishedCallback function. Once registered they are called when the stream becomes inactive (ie once a call to Pa_StopStream() will not block). A stream will become inactive after the stream callback returns non-zero, or when Pa_StopStream or Pa_AbortStream is called. For a stream providing audio output, if the stream callback returns paComplete, or Pa_StopStream() is called, the stream finished callback will not be called until all generated sample data has been played.

Parameters
userDataThe userData parameter supplied to Pa_OpenStream()
See Also
Pa_SetStreamFinishedCallback
typedef unsigned long PaStreamFlags

Flags used to control the behavior of a stream. They are passed as parameters to Pa_OpenStream or Pa_OpenDefaultStream. Multiple flags may be ORed together.

See Also
Pa_OpenStream, Pa_OpenDefaultStream
paNoFlag, paClipOff, paDitherOff, paNeverDropInput, paPrimeOutputBuffersUsingStreamCallback, paPlatformSpecificFlags
typedef struct PaStreamInfo PaStreamInfo

A structure containing unchanging information about an open stream.

See Also
Pa_GetStreamInfo

Parameters for one direction (input or output) of a stream.

typedef double PaTime

The type used to represent monotonic time in seconds. PaTime is used for the fields of the PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo argument to the PaStreamCallback and as the result of Pa_GetStreamTime().

PaTime values have unspecified origin.

See Also
PaStreamCallback, PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo, Pa_GetStreamTime
typedef struct PaVersionInfo PaVersionInfo

A structure containing PortAudio API version information.

See Also
Pa_GetVersionInfo, paMakeVersionNumber
Version
Available as of 19.5.0.

Enumeration Type Documentation

Enumerator
paNoError 
paNotInitialized 
paUnanticipatedHostError 
paInvalidChannelCount 
paInvalidSampleRate 
paInvalidDevice 
paInvalidFlag 
paSampleFormatNotSupported 
paBadIODeviceCombination 
paInsufficientMemory 
paBufferTooBig 
paBufferTooSmall 
paNullCallback 
paBadStreamPtr 
paTimedOut 
paInternalError 
paDeviceUnavailable 
paIncompatibleHostApiSpecificStreamInfo 
paStreamIsStopped 
paStreamIsNotStopped 
paInputOverflowed 
paOutputUnderflowed 
paHostApiNotFound 
paInvalidHostApi 
paCanNotReadFromACallbackStream 
paCanNotWriteToACallbackStream 
paCanNotReadFromAnOutputOnlyStream 
paCanNotWriteToAnInputOnlyStream 
paIncompatibleStreamHostApi 
paBadBufferPtr 

Unchanging unique identifiers for each supported host API. This type is used in the PaHostApiInfo structure. The values are guaranteed to be unique and to never change, thus allowing code to be written that conditionally uses host API specific extensions.

New type ids will be allocated when support for a host API reaches "public alpha" status, prior to that developers should use the paInDevelopment type id.

See Also
PaHostApiInfo
Enumerator
paInDevelopment 
paDirectSound 
paMME 
paASIO 
paSoundManager 
paCoreAudio 
paOSS 
paALSA 
paAL 
paBeOS 
paWDMKS 
paJACK 
paWASAPI 
paAudioScienceHPI 

Allowable return values for the PaStreamCallback.

See Also
PaStreamCallback
Enumerator
paContinue 

Signal that the stream should continue invoking the callback and processing audio.

paComplete 

Signal that the stream should stop invoking the callback and finish once all output samples have played.

paAbort 

Signal that the stream should stop invoking the callback and finish as soon as possible.

Function Documentation

PaError Pa_AbortStream ( PaStream stream)

Terminates audio processing immediately without waiting for pending buffers to complete.

References PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR, PA_STREAM_INTERFACE, paNoError, paStreamIsStopped, and PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer().

Referenced by TestStopMode().

PaError Pa_CloseStream ( PaStream stream)
PaHostApiIndex Pa_GetDefaultHostApi ( void  )

Retrieve the index of the default host API. The default host API will be the lowest common denominator host API on the current platform and is unlikely to provide the best performance.

Returns
A non-negative value ranging from 0 to (Pa_GetHostApiCount()-1) indicating the default host API index or, a PaErrorCode (which are always negative) if PortAudio is not initialized or an error is encountered.

References PA_IS_INITIALISED_, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER, PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT, paInternalError, and paNotInitialized.

Referenced by Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice(), and Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice().

PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice ( void  )

Retrieve the index of the default input device. The result can be used in the inputDevice parameter to Pa_OpenStream().

Returns
The default input device index for the default host API, or paNoDevice if no default input device is available or an error was encountered.

References Pa_GetDefaultHostApi(), PA_LOGAPI_ENTER, PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_T, and paNoDevice.

Referenced by main(), and Pa_OpenDefaultStream().

PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice ( void  )
Retrieve the index of the default output device. The result can be

used in the outputDevice parameter to Pa_OpenStream().

Returns
The default output device index for the default host API, or paNoDevice if no default output device is available or an error was encountered.
Note
On the PC, the user can specify a default device by setting an environment variable. For example, to use device #1.
 set PA_RECOMMENDED_OUTPUT_DEVICE=1
The user should first determine the available device ids by using the supplied application "pa_devs".

References Pa_GetDefaultHostApi(), PA_LOGAPI_ENTER, PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_T, and paNoDevice.

Referenced by main(), Pa_OpenDefaultStream(), PlaySine(), test(), and TestOnce().

PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDeviceCount ( void  )

Retrieve the number of available devices. The number of available devices may be zero.

Returns
A non-negative value indicating the number of available devices or, a PaErrorCode (which are always negative) if PortAudio is not initialized or an error is encountered.

References PA_IS_INITIALISED_, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER, PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT, and paNotInitialized.

Referenced by main(), and PaQa_ListAudioDevices().

const PaDeviceInfo* Pa_GetDeviceInfo ( PaDeviceIndex  device)

Retrieve a pointer to a PaDeviceInfo structure containing information about the specified device.

Returns
A pointer to an immutable PaDeviceInfo structure. If the device parameter is out of range the function returns NULL.
Parameters
deviceA valid device index in the range 0 to (Pa_GetDeviceCount()-1)
Note
PortAudio manages the memory referenced by the returned pointer, the client must not manipulate or free the memory. The pointer is only guaranteed to be valid between calls to Pa_Initialize() and Pa_Terminate().
See Also
PaDeviceInfo, PaDeviceIndex

References PaDeviceInfo::hostApi, PaDeviceInfo::maxInputChannels, PaDeviceInfo::maxOutputChannels, PaDeviceInfo::name, PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, and PaDeviceInfo::structVersion.

Referenced by main(), Sine::open(), Pa_OpenDefaultStream(), PaQa_CheckForLoopBack(), PaQa_ListAudioDevices(), PlaySine(), test(), and TestOnce().

const char* Pa_GetErrorText ( PaError  errorCode)
PaHostApiIndex Pa_GetHostApiCount ( void  )

Retrieve the number of available host APIs. Even if a host API is available it may have no devices available.

Returns
A non-negative value indicating the number of available host APIs or, a PaErrorCode (which are always negative) if PortAudio is not initialized or an error is encountered.
See Also
PaHostApiIndex

References PA_IS_INITIALISED_, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER, PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT, and paNotInitialized.

const PaHostApiInfo* Pa_GetHostApiInfo ( PaHostApiIndex  hostApi)

Retrieve a pointer to a structure containing information about a specific host Api.

Parameters
hostApiA valid host API index ranging from 0 to (Pa_GetHostApiCount()-1)
Returns
A pointer to an immutable PaHostApiInfo structure describing a specific host API. If the hostApi parameter is out of range or an error is encountered, the function returns NULL.

The returned structure is owned by the PortAudio implementation and must not be manipulated or freed. The pointer is only guaranteed to be valid between calls to Pa_Initialize() and Pa_Terminate().

References PaHostApiInfo::name, PA_IS_INITIALISED_, PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, PaHostApiInfo::structVersion, and PaHostApiInfo::type.

Referenced by main(), and PaQa_ListAudioDevices().

const PaHostErrorInfo* Pa_GetLastHostErrorInfo ( void  )

Return information about the last host error encountered. The error information returned by Pa_GetLastHostErrorInfo() will never be modified asynchronously by errors occurring in other PortAudio owned threads (such as the thread that manages the stream callback.)

This function is provided as a last resort, primarily to enhance debugging by providing clients with access to all available error information.

Returns
A pointer to an immutable structure constraining information about the host error. The values in this structure will only be valid if a PortAudio function has previously returned the paUnanticipatedHostError error code.

Referenced by TestOnce().

PaError Pa_GetSampleSize ( PaSampleFormat  format)

Retrieve the size of a given sample format in bytes.

Returns
The size in bytes of a single sample in the specified format, or paSampleFormatNotSupported if the format is not supported.

References PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT, paFloat32, paInt16, paInt24, paInt32, paInt8, paNonInterleaved, paSampleFormatNotSupported, and paUInt8.

Referenced by PaUtil_InitializeBufferProcessor(), PaWin_InitializeWaveFormatEx(), and PaWin_InitializeWaveFormatExtensible().

double Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad ( PaStream stream)

Retrieve CPU usage information for the specified stream. The "CPU Load" is a fraction of total CPU time consumed by a callback stream's audio processing routines including, but not limited to the client supplied stream callback. This function does not work with blocking read/write streams.

This function may be called from the stream callback function or the application.

Returns
A floating point value, typically between 0.0 and 1.0, where 1.0 indicates that the stream callback is consuming the maximum number of CPU cycles possible to maintain real-time operation. A value of 0.5 would imply that PortAudio and the stream callback was consuming roughly 50% of the available CPU time. The return value may exceed 1.0. A value of 0.0 will always be returned for a blocking read/write stream, or if an error occurs.

References Pa_GetErrorText(), PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, PA_STREAM_INTERFACE, paNoError, and PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer().

Referenced by PlaySine().

const PaStreamInfo* Pa_GetStreamInfo ( PaStream stream)

Retrieve a pointer to a PaStreamInfo structure containing information about the specified stream.

Returns
A pointer to an immutable PaStreamInfo structure. If the stream parameter is invalid, or an error is encountered, the function returns NULL.
Parameters
streamA pointer to an open stream previously created with Pa_OpenStream.
Note
PortAudio manages the memory referenced by the returned pointer, the client must not manipulate or free the memory. The pointer is only guaranteed to be valid until the specified stream is closed.
See Also
PaStreamInfo

References PaStreamInfo::inputLatency, PaStreamInfo::outputLatency, Pa_GetErrorText(), PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, PA_STREAM_REP, paNoError, PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer(), PaStreamInfo::sampleRate, and PaStreamInfo::structVersion.

Referenced by main(), and paqaCheckLatency().

signed long Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable ( PaStream stream)

Retrieve the number of frames that can be read from the stream without waiting.

Returns
Returns a non-negative value representing the maximum number of frames that can be read from the stream without blocking or busy waiting or, a PaErrorCode (which are always negative) if PortAudio is not initialized or an error is encountered.

References Pa_GetErrorText(), PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, PA_STREAM_INTERFACE, paNoError, and PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer().

PaTime Pa_GetStreamTime ( PaStream stream)

Returns the current time in seconds for a stream according to the same clock used to generate callback PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo timestamps. The time values are monotonically increasing and have unspecified origin.

Pa_GetStreamTime returns valid time values for the entire life of the stream, from when the stream is opened until it is closed. Starting and stopping the stream does not affect the passage of time returned by Pa_GetStreamTime.

This time may be used for synchronizing other events to the audio stream, for example synchronizing audio to MIDI.

Returns
The stream's current time in seconds, or 0 if an error occurred.
See Also
PaTime, PaStreamCallback, PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo

References Pa_GetErrorText(), PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, PA_STREAM_INTERFACE, paNoError, and PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer().

Referenced by stop_thread_proc().

signed long Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable ( PaStream stream)

Retrieve the number of frames that can be written to the stream without waiting.

Returns
Returns a non-negative value representing the maximum number of frames that can be written to the stream without blocking or busy waiting or, a PaErrorCode (which are always negative) if PortAudio is not initialized or an error is encountered.

References Pa_GetErrorText(), PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, PA_STREAM_INTERFACE, paNoError, and PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer().

int Pa_GetVersion ( void  )

Retrieve the release number of the currently running PortAudio build. For example, for version "19.5.1" this will return 0x00130501.

See Also
paMakeVersionNumber

References paVersion.

Referenced by main().

const PaVersionInfo* Pa_GetVersionInfo ( void  )

Retrieve version information for the currently running PortAudio build.

Returns
A pointer to an immutable PaVersionInfo structure.
Note
This function can be called at any time. It does not require PortAudio to be initialized. The structure pointed to is statically allocated. Do not attempt to free it or modify it.
See Also
PaVersionInfo, paMakeVersionNumber
Version
Available as of 19.5.0.

Referenced by main().

const char* Pa_GetVersionText ( void  )

Retrieve a textual description of the current PortAudio build, e.g. "PortAudio V19.5.0-devel, revision 1952M". The format of the text may change in the future. Do not try to parse the returned string.

Deprecated:
As of 19.5.0, use Pa_GetVersionInfo()->versionText instead.

References PA_VERSION_TEXT_.

Referenced by main().

PaDeviceIndex Pa_HostApiDeviceIndexToDeviceIndex ( PaHostApiIndex  hostApi,
int  hostApiDeviceIndex 
)

Convert a host-API-specific device index to standard PortAudio device index. This function may be used in conjunction with the deviceCount field of PaHostApiInfo to enumerate all devices for the specified host API.

Parameters
hostApiA valid host API index ranging from 0 to (Pa_GetHostApiCount()-1)
hostApiDeviceIndexA valid per-host device index in the range 0 to (Pa_GetHostApiInfo(hostApi)->deviceCount-1)
Returns
A non-negative PaDeviceIndex ranging from 0 to (Pa_GetDeviceCount()-1) or, a PaErrorCode (which are always negative) if PortAudio is not initialized or an error is encountered.

A paInvalidHostApi error code indicates that the host API index specified by the hostApi parameter is out of range.

A paInvalidDevice error code indicates that the hostApiDeviceIndex parameter is out of range.

See Also
PaHostApiInfo

References PA_IS_INITIALISED_, PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT, paInvalidDevice, paInvalidHostApi, and paNotInitialized.

PaHostApiIndex Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex ( PaHostApiTypeId  type)

Convert a static host API unique identifier, into a runtime host API index.

Parameters
typeA unique host API identifier belonging to the PaHostApiTypeId enumeration.
Returns
A valid PaHostApiIndex ranging from 0 to (Pa_GetHostApiCount()-1) or, a PaErrorCode (which are always negative) if PortAudio is not initialized or an error is encountered.

The paHostApiNotFound error code indicates that the host API specified by the type parameter is not available.

See Also
PaHostApiTypeId

References PA_IS_INITIALISED_, PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT, paHostApiNotFound, and paNotInitialized.

Referenced by main().

PaError Pa_Initialize ( void  )

Library initialization function - call this before using PortAudio. This function initializes internal data structures and prepares underlying host APIs for use. With the exception of Pa_GetVersion(), Pa_GetVersionText(), and Pa_GetErrorText(), this function MUST be called before using any other PortAudio API functions.

If Pa_Initialize() is called multiple times, each successful call must be matched with a corresponding call to Pa_Terminate(). Pairs of calls to Pa_Initialize()/Pa_Terminate() may overlap, and are not required to be fully nested.

Note that if Pa_Initialize() returns an error code, Pa_Terminate() should NOT be called.

Returns
paNoError if successful, otherwise an error code indicating the cause of failure.
See Also
Pa_Terminate

References PA_IS_INITIALISED_, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER, PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR, PA_VALIDATE_ENDIANNESS, PA_VALIDATE_TYPE_SIZES, paNoError, PaUtil_InitializeClock(), and PaUtil_ResetTraceMessages.

Referenced by main(), PlaySine(), TestOnce(), and TestStopMode().

PaError Pa_IsFormatSupported ( const PaStreamParameters inputParameters,
const PaStreamParameters outputParameters,
double  sampleRate 
)

Determine whether it would be possible to open a stream with the specified parameters.

Parameters
inputParametersA structure that describes the input parameters used to open a stream. The suggestedLatency field is ignored. See PaStreamParameters for a description of these parameters. inputParameters must be NULL for output-only streams.
outputParametersA structure that describes the output parameters used to open a stream. The suggestedLatency field is ignored. See PaStreamParameters for a description of these parameters. outputParameters must be NULL for input-only streams.
sampleRateThe required sampleRate. For full-duplex streams it is the sample rate for both input and output
Returns
Returns 0 if the format is supported, and an error code indicating why the format is not supported otherwise. The constant paFormatIsSupported is provided to compare with the return value for success.
See Also
paFormatIsSupported, PaStreamParameters

References PaStreamParameters::channelCount, PaStreamParameters::device, PaStreamParameters::hostApiSpecificStreamInfo, PaUtilHostApiRepresentation::IsFormatSupported, Pa_GetErrorText(), PA_IS_INITIALISED_, PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR, paFormatIsSupported, paNoDevice, paNoError, paNoFlag, paNotInitialized, PaStreamParameters::sampleFormat, and PaStreamParameters::suggestedLatency.

Referenced by main(), and PaQa_CheckForLoopBack().

PaError Pa_IsStreamActive ( PaStream stream)

Determine whether the stream is active. A stream is active after a successful call to Pa_StartStream(), until it becomes inactive either as a result of a call to Pa_StopStream() or Pa_AbortStream(), or as a result of a return value other than paContinue from the stream callback. In the latter case, the stream is considered inactive after the last buffer has finished playing.

Returns
Returns one (1) when the stream is active (ie playing or recording audio), zero (0) when not playing or, a PaErrorCode (which are always negative) if PortAudio is not initialized or an error is encountered.
See Also
Pa_StopStream, Pa_AbortStream, Pa_IsStreamStopped

References PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR, PA_STREAM_INTERFACE, paNoError, and PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer().

Referenced by TestStopMode().

PaError Pa_IsStreamStopped ( PaStream stream)

Determine whether the stream is stopped. A stream is considered to be stopped prior to a successful call to Pa_StartStream and after a successful call to Pa_StopStream or Pa_AbortStream. If a stream callback returns a value other than paContinue the stream is NOT considered to be stopped.

Returns
Returns one (1) when the stream is stopped, zero (0) when the stream is running or, a PaErrorCode (which are always negative) if PortAudio is not initialized or an error is encountered.
See Also
Pa_StopStream, Pa_AbortStream, Pa_IsStreamActive

References PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR, PA_STREAM_INTERFACE, paNoError, and PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer().

PaError Pa_OpenDefaultStream ( PaStream **  stream,
int  numInputChannels,
int  numOutputChannels,
PaSampleFormat  sampleFormat,
double  sampleRate,
unsigned long  framesPerBuffer,
PaStreamCallback streamCallback,
void *  userData 
)

A simplified version of Pa_OpenStream() that opens the default input and/or output devices.

Parameters
streamThe address of a PaStream pointer which will receive a pointer to the newly opened stream.
numInputChannelsThe number of channels of sound that will be supplied to the stream callback or returned by Pa_ReadStream. It can range from 1 to the value of maxInputChannels in the PaDeviceInfo record for the default input device. If 0 the stream is opened as an output-only stream.
numOutputChannelsThe number of channels of sound to be delivered to the stream callback or passed to Pa_WriteStream. It can range from 1 to the value of maxOutputChannels in the PaDeviceInfo record for the default output device. If 0 the stream is opened as an output-only stream.
sampleFormatThe sample format of both the input and output buffers provided to the callback or passed to and from Pa_ReadStream and Pa_WriteStream. sampleFormat may be any of the formats described by the PaSampleFormat enumeration.
sampleRateSame as Pa_OpenStream parameter of the same name.
framesPerBufferSame as Pa_OpenStream parameter of the same name.
streamCallbackSame as Pa_OpenStream parameter of the same name.
userDataSame as Pa_OpenStream parameter of the same name.
Returns
As for Pa_OpenStream
See Also
Pa_OpenStream, PaStreamCallback

References PaStreamParameters::channelCount, PaDeviceInfo::defaultHighInputLatency, PaDeviceInfo::defaultHighOutputLatency, PaStreamParameters::device, PaStreamParameters::hostApiSpecificStreamInfo, Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice(), Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice(), Pa_GetDeviceInfo(), Pa_GetErrorText(), PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, Pa_OpenStream(), paDeviceUnavailable, paNoDevice, paNoFlag, PaStreamParameters::sampleFormat, and PaStreamParameters::suggestedLatency.

Referenced by main().

PaError Pa_OpenStream ( PaStream **  stream,
const PaStreamParameters inputParameters,
const PaStreamParameters outputParameters,
double  sampleRate,
unsigned long  framesPerBuffer,
PaStreamFlags  streamFlags,
PaStreamCallback streamCallback,
void *  userData 
)

Opens a stream for either input, output or both.

Parameters
streamThe address of a PaStream pointer which will receive a pointer to the newly opened stream.
inputParametersA structure that describes the input parameters used by the opened stream. See PaStreamParameters for a description of these parameters. inputParameters must be NULL for output-only streams.
outputParametersA structure that describes the output parameters used by the opened stream. See PaStreamParameters for a description of these parameters. outputParameters must be NULL for input-only streams.
sampleRateThe desired sampleRate. For full-duplex streams it is the sample rate for both input and output
framesPerBufferThe number of frames passed to the stream callback function, or the preferred block granularity for a blocking read/write stream. The special value paFramesPerBufferUnspecified (0) may be used to request that the stream callback will receive an optimal (and possibly varying) number of frames based on host requirements and the requested latency settings. Note: With some host APIs, the use of non-zero framesPerBuffer for a callback stream may introduce an additional layer of buffering which could introduce additional latency. PortAudio guarantees that the additional latency will be kept to the theoretical minimum however, it is strongly recommended that a non-zero framesPerBuffer value only be used when your algorithm requires a fixed number of frames per stream callback.
streamFlagsFlags which modify the behavior of the streaming process. This parameter may contain a combination of flags ORed together. Some flags may only be relevant to certain buffer formats.
streamCallbackA pointer to a client supplied function that is responsible for processing and filling input and output buffers. If this parameter is NULL the stream will be opened in 'blocking read/write' mode. In blocking mode, the client can receive sample data using Pa_ReadStream and write sample data using Pa_WriteStream, the number of samples that may be read or written without blocking is returned by Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable and Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable respectively.
userDataA client supplied pointer which is passed to the stream callback function. It could for example, contain a pointer to instance data necessary for processing the audio buffers. This parameter is ignored if streamCallback is NULL.
Returns
Upon success Pa_OpenStream() returns paNoError and places a pointer to a valid PaStream in the stream argument. The stream is inactive (stopped). If a call to Pa_OpenStream() fails, a non-zero error code is returned (see PaError for possible error codes) and the value of stream is invalid.
See Also
PaStreamParameters, PaStreamCallback, Pa_ReadStream, Pa_WriteStream, Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable, Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable

References PaStreamParameters::channelCount, PaStreamParameters::device, PaStreamParameters::hostApiSpecificStreamInfo, PaUtilHostApiRepresentation::OpenStream, Pa_GetErrorText(), PA_IS_INITIALISED_, PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, paBadStreamPtr, paNoDevice, paNoError, paNotInitialized, PaStreamParameters::sampleFormat, and PaStreamParameters::suggestedLatency.

Referenced by main(), Sine::open(), Pa_OpenDefaultStream(), PaQa_RunInputOnly(), PaQa_RunLoopbackFullDuplex(), PaQa_RunLoopbackFullDuplexBlockingIO(), PaQa_RunLoopbackHalfDuplex(), PaQa_RunLoopbackHalfDuplexBlockingIO(), paqaCheckLatency(), PlaySine(), test(), TestOnce(), and TestStopMode().

PaError Pa_ReadStream ( PaStream stream,
void *  buffer,
unsigned long  frames 
)

Read samples from an input stream. The function doesn't return until the entire buffer has been filled - this may involve waiting for the operating system to supply the data.

Parameters
streamA pointer to an open stream previously created with Pa_OpenStream.
bufferA pointer to a buffer of sample frames. The buffer contains samples in the format specified by the inputParameters->sampleFormat field used to open the stream, and the number of channels specified by inputParameters->numChannels. If non-interleaved samples were requested using the paNonInterleaved sample format flag, buffer is a pointer to the first element of an array of buffer pointers, one non-interleaved buffer for each channel.
framesThe number of frames to be read into buffer. This parameter is not constrained to a specific range, however high performance applications will want to match this parameter to the framesPerBuffer parameter used when opening the stream.
Returns
On success PaNoError will be returned, or PaInputOverflowed if input data was discarded by PortAudio after the previous call and before this call.

References PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR, PA_STREAM_INTERFACE, paBadBufferPtr, paNoError, paStreamIsStopped, and PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer().

PaError Pa_SetStreamFinishedCallback ( PaStream stream,
PaStreamFinishedCallback streamFinishedCallback 
)

Register a stream finished callback function which will be called when the stream becomes inactive. See the description of PaStreamFinishedCallback for further details about when the callback will be called.

Parameters
streama pointer to a PaStream that is in the stopped state - if the stream is not stopped, the stream's finished callback will remain unchanged and an error code will be returned.
streamFinishedCallbacka pointer to a function with the same signature as PaStreamFinishedCallback, that will be called when the stream becomes inactive. Passing NULL for this parameter will un-register a previously registered stream finished callback function.
Returns
on success returns paNoError, otherwise an error code indicating the cause of the error.
See Also
PaStreamFinishedCallback

References PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR, PA_STREAM_INTERFACE, PA_STREAM_REP, paNoError, paStreamIsNotStopped, and PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer().

Referenced by Sine::open().

void Pa_Sleep ( long  msec)

Put the caller to sleep for at least 'msec' milliseconds. This function is provided only as a convenience for authors of portable code (such as the tests and examples in the PortAudio distribution.)

The function may sleep longer than requested so don't rely on this for accurate musical timing.

Referenced by AudioDeviceSetPropertyNowAndWaitForChange(), main(), PaQa_RunLoopbackFullDuplex(), PaQa_WaitForStream(), paqaCheckLatency(), PlaySine(), ReadStream(), TestOnce(), TestStopMode(), waitUntilBlioWriteBufferIsEmpty(), and WriteStream().

PaError Pa_StartStream ( PaStream stream)
PaError Pa_StopStream ( PaStream stream)
PaError Pa_Terminate ( void  )

Library termination function - call this when finished using PortAudio. This function deallocates all resources allocated by PortAudio since it was initialized by a call to Pa_Initialize(). In cases where Pa_Initialise() has been called multiple times, each call must be matched with a corresponding call to Pa_Terminate(). The final matching call to Pa_Terminate() will automatically close any PortAudio streams that are still open.

Pa_Terminate() MUST be called before exiting a program which uses PortAudio. Failure to do so may result in serious resource leaks, such as audio devices not being available until the next reboot.

Returns
paNoError if successful, otherwise an error code indicating the cause of failure.
See Also
Pa_Initialize

References PA_IS_INITIALISED_, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER, PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR, paNoError, paNotInitialized, and PaUtil_DumpTraceMessages.

Referenced by main(), PlaySine(), TestOnce(), TestStopMode(), and ScopedPaHandler::~ScopedPaHandler().

PaError Pa_WriteStream ( PaStream stream,
const void *  buffer,
unsigned long  frames 
)

Write samples to an output stream. This function doesn't return until the entire buffer has been written - this may involve waiting for the operating system to consume the data.

Parameters
streamA pointer to an open stream previously created with Pa_OpenStream.
bufferA pointer to a buffer of sample frames. The buffer contains samples in the format specified by the outputParameters->sampleFormat field used to open the stream, and the number of channels specified by outputParameters->numChannels. If non-interleaved samples were requested using the paNonInterleaved sample format flag, buffer is a pointer to the first element of an array of buffer pointers, one non-interleaved buffer for each channel.
framesThe number of frames to be written from buffer. This parameter is not constrained to a specific range, however high performance applications will want to match this parameter to the framesPerBuffer parameter used when opening the stream.
Returns
On success PaNoError will be returned, or paOutputUnderflowed if additional output data was inserted after the previous call and before this call.

References PA_LOGAPI, PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS, PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR, PA_STREAM_INTERFACE, paBadBufferPtr, paNoError, paStreamIsStopped, and PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer().